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Types of Eye Injuries

• Cut or Scratch of Eyelid. Small cuts heal on their own. Deep cuts or ones that go through the edge of the eyelid need sutures.
• Bruise of the Eyelids. Also called a "black eye." The swelling and bruise get worse for a few days. Then it will go away on its own over 2 -3 weeks. It's normal for the bruise to change colors as it heals.
• Subconjunctival Hemorrhage is a flame-shaped bruise of the white part (sclera) of the eyeball. It's bright red. It's caused by a scratch to the sclera. This mild injury will go away on its own over 2 weeks. It will start to turn yellow as it gets better.
• Corneal Abrasion is a scratch of the clear part (cornea) of the eye. The main symptoms are severe eye pain, tearing and constant blinking. Some people will just hold their eye closed because it is too painful to open. Caused by a scratch from a branch of a tree or bush. Can also be caused by a foreign object stuck under the upper eyelid, such as a speck of sand blown into the eye. Most scratches are minor and heal in 2 days. This is the most common eye injury that needs to see a doctor.
• Acute Hyphema (serious) is bleeding in the space between the cornea and the iris. The blood often layers out at the bottom of the cornea. It's caused by a blunt injury.
• Punctured Eyeball (serious). It means a sharp object has torn the cornea or sclera. Can happen with tiny objects thrown by a lawnmower. Seek care right away. This could save your vision.
• Retrobulbar hemorrhage (serious). After an injury to the eye, there can be bleeding behind they eye. The blood collects and pushes the eyeball forward, causing severe pain and loss of vision. You may not be able to move the eye. It is an emergency and needs treatment right away to prevent permanent vision loss.
• Orbital Fractures (serious) can occur with blunt injury. There will be pain and swelling around the eye. The eye may appear sunken and there may also be double vision.
• Detached retina (serious) can occur for many reasons. It can occur at the time of an injury or months to years later. You may see floaters or flashes of light in the eye and sudden loss of the edge (periphery) of the vision. It is often described as a dark curtain, which affects most of the visual field (apart from the very center), if untreated. This needs an urgent exam and treatment to restore vision.

Vision

• The main concern is whether the vision is damaged.
• Some injuries need emergency treatment to prevent permanent vision loss.
• Tell your doctor if your vision is blurred or out of focus. You can test this at home. Cover each eye in turn and look at a distant object.
• If you have an eye injury, you usually need an exam, even if the injury seems minor. Having an exam is the only way to know your vision is okay.